So...what is Working Memory? 🧠

Working memory is one of those terms that pops up in SpLD reports, parent meetings, or staff training — but what does it actually mean?

In short: working memory is your brain’s sticky note — a system for holding and using information for a short period of time. It plays a vital role in learning, organising, problem-solving, and following instructions.

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Why is working memory important?

Whether you're:

• 🧒 a child learning to read,

• 🎓 a student revising for exams,

• 👨‍💼 or an adult managing a busy schedule...

…you rely on working memory all the time.

It helps us to:

• Follow multi-step instructions 📝

• Remember what we’ve just read while reading on 📖

• Solve mental maths problems 🧮

• Stay on track in conversations 🗣️

• Write sentences without forgetting the start ✍️

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Signs working memory may be a challenge

Working memory difficulties often look like distractibility, forgetfulness, or a lack of effort — but that’s not the full picture.

You might notice someone:

• Struggles to follow more than one instruction at a time 🔄

• Loses their place when reading or copying from the board 🧩

• Leaves tasks half-done or skips steps ❌

• Can’t hold numbers in their head while working things out 🧠

• Often says “I forgot what I was doing” 😕

Working memory is not about intelligence — someone may be bright and capable but still need support with this hidden skill.

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How is it assessed?

In an SpLD or cognitive assessment, working memory is measured through specific subtests. These often involve remembering sequences of numbers, letters, or positions. Results help us understand how well someone can hold and manipulate information.

Working memory sits under the broader umbrella of executive functioning — alongside attention, inhibition, and flexible thinking.

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Support strategies for working memory challenges ✅

With the right strategies, learners of all ages can succeed. Here are some helpful ideas:

• Break instructions into smaller chunks 🔹

• Use visual aids or step-by-step checklists 🧾

• Allow processing time before expecting a response ⏳

• Encourage repetition or rephrasing to aid memory 🔁

• Reduce working memory load (e.g., allow calculators or word banks) 🧮🔤

• Teach active strategies like note-taking or keyword highlighting 🖊️

Some people may also benefit from targeted programmes that build working memory capacity through practice.

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Final thoughts 💬

Working memory affects learning far more than many people realise — and when it’s supported well, it can transform confidence and independence.

🔍 If you're wondering whether working memory may be playing a role in your or your child’s learning profile, a specialist assessment can help build that understanding and unlock practical support.